北京市各种水体蓝细菌物种多样性研究

2016至2018年的5月和9月研究了北京市五大水系53个水体蓝细菌的物种多样性。结果表明,共发现蓝细菌4目4科22属63种,优势种(IRI)为小型色球藻(Chroococcus minor(Kütz.) N?g.)、湖泊鞘丝藻(Lyngbya limentica Lemm.)、水华束丝藻(Aphanizomenon flos-aquae(L.) Rafls.)、小席藻(Phormidium tende(Menegh.) Gom.)、钝顶节旋藻(Arthrospira platensis)、小颤藻(Oscillatoria tenuis Ag.)、铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)、水华微囊藻(Microcystis flos-aquae)。通过对北京各种水体的蓝藻优势种进行CCA分析,得出大部分优势种与活性磷、叶绿素a、温度、溶解氧、总碱度、总硬度、pH呈正相关,与TN、TP呈负相关,与蓝藻的特性较符合,其中活性磷是限制蓝细菌生长的重要因素。各水体蓝藻平均密度为1.32×10~6 ind/L,平均生物量为0.003 2 mg/L,多样性指数平均为0.45,2018年较2017年多数水体的密度和生物量下降,多样性指数上升,说明北京市水环境治理有所改善,但仍需继续加强治理。

Species Diversity of Cyanobacteria in Various Waters in Beijing

The species diversity of cyanobacteria in Beijing 53 waters of five major river systems was studied during May and September, 2016-2018. The results showed that 63 species of the genus cyanobacteria belonged to 4 orders, 4 families, 22 genera were found, and the dominant species (IRI) was Chroococcus minor, Lyngbyalimnetica, Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, Phormidium tenue, Arthrospira platensis, Oscillatoria tenuis, Microcystis aeruginosa, and Microcystis flos-aquae. By combining the results of CCA analysis of the dominant species in all waters in Beijing, most of the dominant species are positively correlated with active phosphorus, chlorophyll a, temperature, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, total hardness and pH, and TN, TP was negatively correlated with the characteristics of cyanobacteria, and active phosphorus is an important factor limiting the growth of cyanobacteria. The mean density of cyanobacteria in each waters was 1.32×10⁶ ind/L, the mean biomass was 0.003 2 mg/L, and the diversity index was 0.45 in average. The density and biomass of most waters in 2018 decreased as compared with those of in 2017, and the diversity index increased, indicating that Beijing water environment management has improved, but it still needs continuing to strengthen the governance and improvement.