Role of RXR in neurite outgrowth induced by docosahexaenoic acid |
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Authors: | Calderon Frances Kim Hee-Yong |
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Affiliation: | Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, NIAAA, NIH, 5625 Fishers Lane, 3N-07, Bethesda, MD 20892-9410, USA. |
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Abstract: | We have previously demonstrated that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) at low micromolar concentrations has a remarkable effect on morphological differentiation of hippocampal neurons by increasing the population of neurons with more branches and longer neurites. In this study, possible involvement of the retinoid X receptor (RXR) in the DHA-induced hippocampal neurite outgrowth was evaluated as DHA is an endogenous ligand for RXR. Immunocytochemical examination revealed that all RXR isoforms, RXR-alpha, -beta(1), -beta(2), and -gamma, are expressed exclusively in neurons with distinctive intracellular distribution. The cell-based dual luciferase reporter assay indicated that DHA activates RXR-alpha at or above 10 microM but not at 1.5 microM where DHA induces neurite outgrowth. Arachidonic acid also activated RXR-alpha in a similar concentration range but with lower efficacy. Our results suggest that DHA-induced neurite outgrowth may not be mediated by direct activation of RXR-alpha, although involvement of other isoforms or DHA metabolites cannot be excluded. |
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