干扰素系统与病毒的相互作用

干扰素是最早发现的细胞因子之一，不同类型的IFN生物活性基本相同，具有抗病毒、抗肿瘤和免疫调节等作用。病毒侵染细胞，诱导细胞产生IFN，IFN通过不同的作用机制启动宿主防御系统，激活酶和作用因子来拮抗病毒的侵染、复制和转录过程。正因为干扰素在抗病毒防御过程中的关键作用，因此病毒已经衍生出了有效的方式能够成功的侵染宿主。病毒通过表达一些拮抗蛋白来干扰IFN的诱导产生、IFN的信号转导或效应蛋白的作用，从而终止干扰素的产生并破坏干扰素诱导的其它因子的作用来逃避干扰素的作用。

Interaction of virus with the interferon system

Interferons are potent cytokines with antiviral activity that have been founded earliest. Different types of interferons have similar bioactivity, Such as anti-viruses activity, anti-tumor activity and immune modulation. They are induced by virus infection and trigger the host defense by different mechanisms. Firstly, IFNs directly induce the expression of effector proteins with antiviral activity, thus establishing a first line of defense. Secondly, they help to shape adaptive immunity, leading to long-lasting protection. Due to the key position of IFNs in antiviral defense, viruses have evolved effective countermeasures in order to successfully invade the host. By expressing so-called IFN antagonists, viruses interfere with either IFN induction, IFN signaling, or the action of IFN effector proteins.