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Multiple developmental processes underlie sex differentiation in angiosperms
Authors:Diggle Pamela K  Di Stilio Verónica S  Gschwend Andrea R  Golenberg Edward M  Moore Richard C  Russell John R W  Sinclair Jordan P
Institution:1 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
2 Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
3 Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, USA
4 Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
5 Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
6 Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Abstract:The production of unisexual flowers has evolved numerous times in dioecious and monoecious plant taxa. Based on repeated evolutionary origins, a great variety of developmental and genetic mechanisms underlying unisexual flower development is predicted. Here, we comprehensively review the modes of development of unisexual flowers, test potential correlations with sexual system, and end with a synthesis of the genetics and hormonal regulation of plant sex determination. We find that the stage of organ abortion in male and female flowers is temporally correlated within species and also confirm that the arrest of development does not tend to occur preferentially at a particular stage, or via a common process.
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