S-Nitrosylation of Drp1 links excessive mitochondrial fission to neuronal injury in neurodegeneration |
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Authors: | Tomohiro Nakamura Piotr Cieplak Dong-Hyung Cho Adam Godzik Stuart A Lipton |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;2. Research Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;3. Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;1. Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA;2. Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA |
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Abstract: | Neurons are known to use large amounts of energy for their normal function and activity. In order to meet this demand, mitochondrial fission, fusion, and movement events (mitochondrial dynamics) control mitochondrial morphology, facilitating biogenesis and proper distribution of mitochondria within neurons. In contrast, dysfunction in mitochondrial dynamics results in reduced cell bioenergetics and thus contributes to neuronal injury and death in many neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease, and Huntington’s disease. We recently reported that amyloid-β peptide, thought to be a key mediator of AD pathogenesis, engenders S-nitrosylation and thus hyperactivation of the mitochondrial fission protein Drp1. This activation leads to excessive mitochondrial fragmentation, bioenergetic compromise, and synaptic damage in models of AD. Here, we provide an extended commentary on our findings of nitric oxide-mediated abnormal mitochondrial dynamics. |
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