Trauma and the endocrine system |
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| Authors: | Joana Mesquita Ana Varela José Luís Medina |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Endocrinology Department of Hospital de São João-EPE, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;2. Faculty of Medicine, Oporto University, Portugal;1. System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan;2. Department of Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan;1. Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medical Biotechnology, The National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran 14965-161, Iran;2. Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia;3. Monash Micro Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;1. Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Epidemiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY;2. Surgical Health Outcomes & Research Enterprise, Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY;3. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL;4. New York State Cancer Registry, Bureau of Cancer Epidemiology, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY;5. Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Division of Health Services Policy and Practice, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY;6. Center for Colon and Rectal Surgery, Florida Hospital Medical Group, Florida Hospital, Orlando, FL |
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| Abstract: | The endocrine system may be the target of different types of trauma with varied consequences. The present article discusses trauma of the hypothalamic–pituitary axes, adrenal glands, gonads, and pancreas. In addition to changes in circulating hormone levels due to direct injury to these structures, there may be an endocrine response in the context of the stress caused by the trauma. |
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