Crustacean cardioactive peptide in the nervous system of the locust,Locusta migratoria: an immunocytochemical study on the ventral nerve cord and peripheral innervation |
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Authors: | Heinrich Dircksen Arno Müller Rainer Keller |
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Institution: | (1) Institut für Zoophysiologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Endenicher Allee 11-13, W-5300 Bonn 1, Germany;(2) Abteilung Zellbiologie, Max Planck Institut für Entwicklungsbiologie, W-7900 Tübingen, Germany |
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Abstract: | Summary Crustacean cardioactive peptide-immunoreactive neurons occur in the entire central nervous system of Locusta migratoria. The present paper focuses on mapping studies in the ventral nerve cord and on peripheral projection sites. Two types of contralaterally projecting neurons occur in all neuromers from the subesophageal to the seventh abdominal ganglia. One type forms terminals at the surface of the thoracic nerves 6 and 1, the distal perisympathetic organs, the lateral heart nerves, and on ventral and dorsal diaphragm muscles. Two large neurons in the anterior part and several neurons of a different type in the posterior part of the terminal ganglion project into the last tergal nerves. In the abdominal neuromers 1–7, two types of ipsilaterally projecting neurons occur, one of which gives rise to neurosecretory terminals in the distal perisympathetic organs, in peripheral areas of the transverse, stigmata and lateral heart nerves. Four subesophageal neurons have putative terminals in the neurilemma of the nervus corporis allati II, and in the corpora allata and cardiaca. In addition, several immunoreactive putative interneurons and other neurons were mapped in the ventral nerve cord. A new in situ whole-mount technique was essential for elucidation of the peripheral pathways and targets of the identified neurons, which suggest a role of the peptide in the control of heartbeat, abdominal ventilatory and visceral muscle activity.Abbreviations
AG
abdominal ganglia
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AM
alary muscle
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AMN
alary muscle nerve
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CA
corpus allatum
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CC
corpus cardiacum
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dPSO
distal perisympathetic organ
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LHN
lateral heart nerve
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LT
CCAP-immunoreactive lateral tract
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NCA
nervus corporis allati
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NCC
nervus corporis cardiaci
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NM
neuromer
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PMN
paramedian nerve
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PSO
perisympathetic organ
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SOG
subesophageal ganglion
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VDM
ventral diaphragm muscles
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VNC
ventral nerve cord |
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Keywords: | Crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) Insect nervous system Identified neurons Neuropeptide immunocytochemistry Locusta migratoria (Insecta) |
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