Maintenance and generalization of 40-Hz EEG biofeedback effects |
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Authors: | Martin Ford Bruce L Bird Frederick A Newton Daniel Sheer |
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Institution: | (1) University of Houston, USA;(2) The John F. Kennedy Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, USA;(3) California State College at San Bernardino, USA;(4) Psychophysiology Clinic, Institute of Living, 400 Washington Street, 06106 Hartford, Connecticut |
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Abstract: | Maintenance of conditioning of 40-Hz EEG activity was investigated in six adults 1 to 3 years after they had experienced biofeedback training to increase 40-Hz EEG. Subjects were first retrained to alternately increase and suppress 40-Hz EEG. All six subjects achieved a preset performance criterion in 16–20 minutes. Five of these subjects also subsequently demonstrated significant control of 40-Hz EEG without feedback. The sixth subject did not demonstrate control after 76 minutes and four sessions of attempted retraining with feedback. Transfer of 40-Hz EEG control to a problem-solving task was tested in all subjects in a final session. Cognitive test items were presented and subjects were instructed to alternately increase and suppress 40-Hz EEG while solving the problems. Rates of 40-Hz EEG in suppression periods during problem solving were significantly greater than during suppression periods without problems. No significant differences in problem-solving performance were found comparing 40-Hz increase and suppression periods. This study supports previous research suggesting an association between 40-Hz EEG and mental activity, and suggests methods for further study of transfer of EEG biofeedback effects. |
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