Macroalgae, nutrients and phase shifts on coral reefs: scientific issues and management consequences for the Great Barrier Reef |
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Authors: | L J McCook |
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Institution: | (1) Australian Institute of Marine Science and CRC: Reef Research, PMB 3, Townsville M.C., Qld, 4810, Australia e-mail: L.McCook@AIMS.Gov.Au, AU |
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Abstract: | Degradation of coral reefs often involves a “phase shift” from abundant coral to abundant macroalgae. This paper critically
reviews the roles of nutrient increases in such phase shifts. I conclude that nutrient overloads can contribute to reef degradation,
but that they are unlikely to lead to phase shifts simply by enhancing algal growth rates and hence allowing overgrowth of
corals, unless herbivory is unusually or artificially low. Concentrations of dissolved inorganic nutrients are poor indicators
of reef status, and the concept of a simple threshold concentration that indicates eutrophication has little validity. I discuss
the significance and consequences of these assessments for reef management, focusing on the Great Barrier Reef, and conclude
with some specific recommendations, including protection of herbivorous fishes, minimisation of terrestrial runoff, and protection
of coastal reefs.
Accepted: 13 August 1999 |
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Keywords: | Macroalgae Phase shifts Nutrients Herbivory Degradation Overgrowth |
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