Simultaneous imaging of the surface and the submembraneous cytoskeleton in living cells by tapping mode atomic force microscopy |
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| Institution: | 1. Interventional Neuroradiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, UK;2. NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK;3. Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, UK;4. Tayside Innovation Medtech Ecosystem (TIME), University of Dundee, UK;5. Interventional Neuroradiology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK;6. Radiological Sciences, Mental Health & Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK;7. Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health & Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK;8. Stroke, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, UK;1. School of Information Science and Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China;2. School of Physics and Electromechanical Engineering, Hexi University, Zhangye 734000, China;3. Department of Mathematical Sciences, Giuseppe Luigi Lagrange, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino, Italy;1. SES Box 4099, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA;2. ETH Zurich, Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology, Clausiusstrasse 25, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;3. US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 336 Crater Rim Drive, Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park, HI 96718, USA;4. The Geological Society of America, 3300 Penrose Pl., Boulder, CO 80301, USA;5. Geophysics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA |
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| Abstract: | Contact and tapping mode atomic force microscopy have been used to visualize the surface of cultured CV-1 kidney cells in aqueous medium. The height images obtained from living cells were comparable when using contact and tapping modes. In contrast, the corresponding, and simultaneously acquired, deflection images differed markedly. Whereas, as expected, deflection images enhanced the surface features in the contact mode, they revealed the presence of a filamentous network when using the tapping mode. This network became disorganized upon addition of cytochalasin, which strongly suggests that it corresponded to the submembraneous cytoskeleton. Examination of fixed cells further supported this assumption. These data show that, in addition to the structural information on the cell surface, the use of the tapping mode in liquid can also provide a good visualization of the membrane cytoskeleton. Tapping mode atomic force microscopy appears to he a promising technique for studying interactions between cell surface and subsurface structures, a critical step in many biological processes. |
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