Biological Control of the Leafminer Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess): Implications for Intraguild Predation between Diglyphus begini Ashmead and Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) |
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| Institution: | 1. University of Agriculture in Krakow, Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Science, ul. ?obzowska 24, 31-140 Kraków, Poland;2. The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences ul. Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland;1. Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biodiversity for Pest Management of China Education Ministry, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China;2. College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China;3. Modern Education Technology Center, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China;4. USDA-ARS, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA;1. Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand;2. Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève, Laboratoire universitaire de Systématique végétale et Biodiversité, CP 60, CH-1292, Chambésy, Switzerland;3. Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK;4. Harvard University Herbaria, 22 Divinity Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA;1. Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ecological Sciences Research Laboratories, 06800 Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey;2. Medical and Veterinary Entomology Department, Centro Agricoltura Ambiente “G. Nicoli” IAEA Collaborating Center, Via Argini Nord 3351, 40014 Crevalcore, Italy |
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| Abstract: | Studies were conducted on the combined use of the eulophid parasitoid wasp Diglyphus begini Ashmead and the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) for control of the leafminer Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) on chrysanthemums. Several factors indicated that these two agents were suitable for combined use: adult D. begini were not susceptible to nematode infection, leafminer larvae parasitized by the wasp were less susceptible to nematode infection, adult wasps detected and tended to avoid ovipositing on nematode-infected leafminer larvae, nematode-infected larvae served as host-feeding sources for the adult wasps, and nematodes showed equal orientation toward paralyzed/parasitized leafminer larvae and healthy leafminer larvae. However, interspecific interference and intraguild predation (IGP) between the agents were found. Infection of D. begini larval stages by nematodes was seen in petri dishes and in intact leaf mines. The presence of nematodes in mines with wasp eggs decreased the chance of wasp survival to adulthood. IGP may be minimized through proper timing of natural enemy releases. |
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