A dynamical field theory for dissipative thermal systems. The first and second laws of irreversible thermodynamics |
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Authors: | I W Richardson S Miekisz |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada;(2) Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Academy of Medicine, Wroclaw, Poland |
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Abstract: | The thermodynamics of irreversible processes is derived from the principles of dynamical field theory independently of all
elements of thermostatics, in particular the assumption of local equilibrium. Field thermodynamics proceeds from the premise
that all driving forces experienced by the molecules in a continuum are conservative and arise from scalar potential functions.
Dynamically the temperature potentialT is no different from the pressure potentialp. A field is converted to a force upon multiplication by a scale factor. A potential is converted to potential energy by the
same scale factor. To scale the field −∇p to the force per mole of molecular speciesk, the partial molar, volume
is the scale factor. Similarly the partial molar entropy,
, scales the temperature field. The transition from the scale factors (which are physical parameters) to the systemic variables,
for example
, is not trivial. From the dynamics and the structure of the derived potential energy function are inducted the conjugate
variables such as (p, V
I) and (T, s). The meta-mechanical properties of the thermal variables (T, s) are discovered via the local First Law of Thermodynamics, which relates internal energy, thermal flux, and work, and from
the local Second Law, which prescribes, the possible partitions of internal energy between kinetic, potential, and thermal
energies. From the form of the potential energy come Maxwell's relationships. From the energy partition comes the equation
of continuity for entropy, with its important source term. In contrast to earlier theories of irreversible thermodynamics,
the dissipation function does not include the stress tensor, a constitutive parameter. |
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Keywords: | |
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