Induction of cell division and antioxidative enzyme activity of Matricaria chamomilla L. cell line under clino-rotation

This study represents an optimized protocol for cell line culture of Matricaria chamomilla and the impact of clino-rotation on cell division, cell growth, and antioxidant enzyme activities for the first time. The cell suspension was transferred in the solid MS medium supplied with 2, 4-D, and KIN. Then the calli produced from a cell line were selected for callus subculture and clino-rotation treatment for 7 days by a 2D-clinostat. A significant rise of fresh and dry weights, cell division, total soluble sugar, reducing sugar, and starch contents were detected under clino-rotation. Protein content approximately unchanged in microgravity-treated calli. Antioxidant enzymes activities, such as peroxidase, catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase were elevated in calli exposed to microgravity. CAT activity showed a more than three-fold increase than that of control. According to native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, all the antioxidant enzymes isoforms were stronger in clino-rotated calli than that of the untreated control. Microgravity also stimulated H₂O₂ production and markedly adjusted lipid peroxidation in calli exposed to clino-rotation. These findings suggest that clino-rotation with stimulation of carbohydrate accumulation and antioxidant enzymes mitigates oxidative stress and improves growth and cell division.