Unveiling an abundant core microbiota in the human adult colon by a phylogroup-independent searching approach |
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Authors: | Monika Sekelja Ingunn Berget Tormod N?s Knut Rudi |
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Affiliation: | 1.Nofima, The Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Aas, Norway;2.Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway;3.The Centre for Integrative Genetics (CIGENE), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway;4.Department of Mathematics; University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway;5.Hedmark University College, Hamar, Norway |
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Abstract: | The potential presence of widespread and stable bacterial core phylogroups in the human colon has promoted considerable attention. Despite major efforts, no such phylogroups have yet been identified. Therefore, using a novel phylogroup- and tree-independent approach, we present a reanalysis of 1 114 722 V2 region and 71 550 near full-length 16S rRNA sequences from a total of 210 human beings, with widespread geographic origin, ethnic background and diet, in addition to a wide range of other mammals. We found two highly prevalent core phylogroups (cores 1 and 2), belonging to the clostridial family Lachnospiraceae. These core phylogroups showed a log-normal distribution among human individuals, while non-core phylogroups showed more skewed distributions towards individuals with low levels compared with the log-normal distribution. Molecular clock analyses suggest that core 2 co-evolved with the radiation of vertebrates, while core 1 co-evolved with the mammals. Taken together, the stability, prevalence and potential functionality support the fact that the identified core phylogroups are pivotal in maintaining gut homeostasis and health. |
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Keywords: | core microbiota 16S rRNA gene human evolution |
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