Exogenous abscisic acid impacts the development of isolated immature endosperm in bread wheat |
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Authors: | Chłosta Iwona Kozieradzka-Kiszkurno Małgorzata Kwolek Dagmara Marcińska Izabela Sieprawska Apolonia Popielarska-Konieczna Marzena |
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Institution: | 1.Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany, The Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Kraków, Poland ;2.Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland ;3.Department of Biotechnology, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland ;4.Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University, Podchor??ych 2, 30-084, Kraków, Poland ; |
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Abstract: | Endosperm in cereals such as wheat, is a part of the mature seeds and a valuable source of key substances for humans and animals. For this reason, the development of immature endosperm tissues in planta was the focus of this research. However, it is commonly known that tissue culture conditions can alter the developmental pathway of plant cells and can expose their potency. There is scarce information about research on isolated endosperm in wheat. The development of isolated immature endosperm in the winter bread wheat variety ‘Kobra’, depending on the media composition, is presented in this study. Abscisic acid (ABA) is a key plant growth regulator for proper seed development. The addition of exogenous ABA had a positive impact on the size and ultrastructural features in isolated endosperm, especially of the outer aleurone-like cells. Furthermore, the content of starch in the endosperm cultured on a medium with ABA did not significantly differ from that of caryopsis at the same age, in contrast to soluble carbohydrates. Fluorescein diacetate (FDA) staining and confocal microscopy observation confirmed the viability of the cells from the outer layers. The analysis of internucleosomal fragmentation of DNA in the explants suggests the induction of programmed cell death (PCD) and DNA degradation typical of necrosis. We concluded that the development of isolated immature endosperm in bread wheat depends on the composition of the media. Thus, it could be a model for in vitro studies of this specific storage tissue and its response to culture conditions in bread wheat. |
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