Sustained oscillations for density dependent Markov processes

Simulations of models of epidemics, biochemical systems, and other bio-systems show that when deterministic models yield damped oscillations, stochastic counterparts show sustained oscillations at an amplitude well above the expected noise level. A characterization of damped oscillations in terms of the local linear structure of the associated dynamics is well known, but in general there remains the problem of identifying the stochastic process which is observed in stochastic simulations. Here we show that in a general limiting sense the stochastic path describes a circular motion modulated by a slowly varying Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process. Numerical examples are shown for the Volterra predator–prey model, Sel’kov’s model for glycolysis, and a damped linear oscillator.