Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) associated with single in vivo-derived and in vitro-produced preimplantation bovine embryos following artificial exposure |
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Authors: | JA Gard MD Givens MSD Marley KP Riddell Y Zhang |
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Institution: | a Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA b Department of Pathobiology, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA c Department of Animal Health Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA |
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Abstract: | The objective was to determine the average amount of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) associated with single in vivo-derived and in vitro-produced bovine embryos following recommended processing procedures for embryos. In vivo-derived and in vitro-produced bovine embryos at 7 d post-fertilization were exposed (for 2 h) to 2 × 105-7 cell culture infective dose (CCID50)/mL of SD-1 (a noncytopathic, Type 1a strain of BVDV), and then washed according to International Embryo Transfer Society (IETS) guidelines prior to testing. Of the 87 in vivo-derived embryos tested, 27% were positive for virus by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The range in amount of virus associated with 99% of the contaminated embryos was ≤6.62 ± 1.57 copies/5 μL; 90% of the contaminated embryos had ≤4.64 ± 1.57 viral copies/5 μL of embryo-associated virus, using tolerance intervals (P < 0.05). The SEM was 0.33 and the mean of averages was 1.12/5 μL. Of the 87 in vitro-produced embryos, 42% were positive for virus. The range in amount of virus associated with 99% of the contaminated embryos was ≤3.44 ± 0.89 copies/5 μL; 90% of the contaminated embryos had ≤2.40 ± 0.89 viral copies/5 μL of embryo-associated virus using tolerance intervals (P < 0.05; S.E.M. was 0.14 and the mean of averages was 0.55/5 μL). Therefore, although many embryos were positive for virus, there were limited numbers of copies, thereby posing doubt regarding their potential for contamination following embryo transfer. |
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Keywords: | Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) In vivo-derived embryos In vitro-produced embryos Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) |
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