Structural basis for actin assembly, activation of ATP hydrolysis, and delayed phosphate release |
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Authors: | Murakami Kenji Yasunaga Takuo Noguchi Taro Q P Gomibuchi Yuki Ngo Kien X Uyeda Taro Q P Wakabayashi Takeyuki |
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Institution: | Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, Toyosatodai 1-1, Utsunomiya 320-8551, Japan. |
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Abstract: | Assembled actin filaments support cellular signaling, intracellular trafficking, and cytokinesis. ATP hydrolysis triggered by actin assembly provides the structural cues for filament turnover in vivo. Here, we present the cryo-electron microscopic (cryo-EM) structure of filamentous actin (F-actin) in the presence of phosphate, with the visualization of some α-helical backbones and large side chains. A complete atomic model based on the EM map identified intermolecular interactions mediated by bound magnesium and phosphate ions. Comparison of the F-actin model with G-actin monomer crystal structures reveals a critical role for bending of the conserved proline-rich loop in triggering phosphate release following ATP hydrolysis. Crystal structures of G-actin show that mutations in this loop trap the catalytic site in two intermediate states of the ATPase cycle. The combined structural information allows us to propose a detailed molecular mechanism for the biochemical events, including actin polymerization and ATPase activation, critical for actin filament dynamics. |
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