Effect of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 209) on soil microbial activity and bacterial community composition |
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Authors: | Wei Zhu Lu Liu Peng Zou Lin Xiao Liuyan Yang |
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Institution: | (1) State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, People’s Republic of China; |
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Abstract: | In many areas of the world, polybrominated diphenyl ethers are ubiquitous due to their use as fire retardants. It is known
that the hydrophobic characteristics of PBDEs cause them to sink in soil and sediment, yet their effect on microbes within
the soil is not well understood. In this study, soil was treated with 1, 10, and 100 mg kg−1 BDE 209 for up to 45 days. Treatment effects on soil enzymatic activities for urease and catalase were evaluated. The impact
on the microbe community structure was estimated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis after polymerase chain reaction
amplification of total genomic DNA, using bacterial variable V3 region targeted primers. The effects on the soil microbial
community size and major bacterial groups were evaluated using fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis. Forty-five days
after the addition of BDE 209, urease activity was suppressed by BDE 209, even at a concentration of 1 mg kg−1. Catalase activity increased in the samples containing lower concentrations of BDE 209, but was suppressed in samples containing
higher concentrations. The bacterial community also varied in response to the addition of BDE 209, and the variation of community
composition differed among treatments. In addition, α, β and γ subclass proteobacteria decreased in the group of 100 mg kg−1 BDE 209 spiked soil after 45 days of treatment. Throughout the experiment, no BDE 209 degradation was detected under darkness.
These observations demonstrated that BDE 209 in soil, although of low bioavailability, had an adverse impact on the structure
and function of the soil microbial community and microbial processes. |
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