Developmental ability of in vitro matured sheep oocytes collected during the nonbreeding season and fertilized in vitro with frozen ram semen

During the nonbreeding season, oocytes recovered from ovaries of FSH-primed or nonprimed ewes were matured in the presence or absence of granulosa cells collected from ovaries of primed or nonprimed ewes prior to in vitro fertilization with either fresh or frozen-thawed sperm. Following fertilization, ova were cultured for 24 h in synthetic oviduct fluid medium (SOF) supplemented with 20% human serum at 39 degrees C under humidified 5% CO(2), 5% O(2), 90% N(2) and then assessed for cleavage. Overall, 52% of ova cleaved. Cleavage was not affected by the source of sperm. Significantly more oocytes from primed follicles cleaved after 24 hours than those from nonprimed follicles (P<0.001). Maturation of oocytes in the presence of granulosa cells from nonprimed ewes resulted in a lower cleavage rate (44%, P<0.05) than in the presence of granulosa from primed ewes (59%) or no granulosa cells (50%). Oocytes (n = 508) from primed ewes were matured in the presence of granulosa cells (also from primed ewes) and fertilized in vitro with frozen-thawed sperm. Following in vitro culture for 24 hours, 68 of the 270 (53%) cleaved embryos were transferred to 17 recipient ewes, 15 of which remained pregnant to term, producing 24 lambs. The remaining 202 cleaved embryos were cultured for a further 5 days, of which 73 appeared to reach the morula/blastocyst stage and 61 were transferred to 16 recipients. Two ewes remained pregnant to term producing two lambs. These results demonstrate that production of sheep embryos using in vitro maturation and fertilization techniques is possible in the nonbreeding season. However, the poor viability of embryos obtained following extended culture needs to be resolved before such techniques can be usefully applied.