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Little genetic differentiation as assessed by uniparental markers in the presence of substantial language variation in peoples of the Cross River region of Nigeria |
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| Authors: | Krishna R Veeramah Bruce A Connell Naser Ansari Pour Adam Powell Christopher A Plaster David Zeitlyn Nancy R Mendell Michael E Weale Neil Bradman Mark G Thomas |
| Institution: | (1) Centre for Society and Genetics, University of California, CA 90095-722 Rolfe Hall, Los Angeles, USA;(2) Novembre Laboratory, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, CA 90095-1606 621 Charles E. Young Dr South, Los Angeles, USA;(3) Centre for Research on Language Contact, Glendon College, York University, Ontario M4N 3N6, Toronto, Canada;(4) The Centre for Genetic Anthropology, University College London, Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK;(5) Molecular and Culture Evolution Laboratory, Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK;(6) Department of Anthropology, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NR, UK;(7) Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, 11794 NY, USA;(8) Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Guy's Tower, Guy's Hospital, SE1, 9RT London, UK;(9) AHRC Centre for the Evolution of Cultural Diversity, Institute of Archaeology, University College London, WC1E 6BT, London, UK;(10) Deptartment of Evolutionary Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Norbyvagen 18D, Sweden |
| Abstract: | BackgroundThe Cross River region in Nigeria is an extremely diverse area linguistically with over 60 distinct languages still spoken today. It is also a region of great historical importance, being a) adjacent to the likely homeland from which Bantu-speaking people migrated across most of sub-Saharan Africa 3000-5000 years ago and b) the location of Calabar, one of the largest centres during the Atlantic slave trade. Over 1000 DNA samples from 24 clans representing speakers of the six most prominent languages in the region were collected and typed for Y-chromosome (SNPs and microsatellites) and mtDNA markers (Hypervariable Segment 1) in order to examine whether there has been substantial gene flow between groups speaking different languages in the region. In addition the Cross River region was analysed in the context of a larger geographical scale by comparison to bordering Igbo speaking groups as well as neighbouring Cameroon populations and more distant Ghanaian communities. |
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