Microclimate and Human Factors in the Divergent Ecology of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aedes aegypti</Emphasis> along the Arizona,U.S./Sonora,MX Border |
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| Authors: | Mary H Hayden Christopher K Uejio Kathleen Walker Frank Ramberg Rafael Moreno Cecilia Rosales Mercedes Gameros Linda O Mearns Emily Zielinski-Gutierrez Craig R Janes |
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| Institution: | (1) Research Applications Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA;(2) Nelson Institute Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA;(3) Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA;(4) Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA;(5) Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA;(6) National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA;(7) Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA;(8) Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada |
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| Abstract: | This study examined the association of human and environmental factors with the presence of Aedes aegypti, the vector for dengue fever and yellow fever viruses, in a desert region in the southwest United States and northwest Mexico.
Sixty-eight sites were longitudinally surveyed along the United States–Mexico border in Tucson, AZ, Nogales, AZ, and Nogales,
Sonora during a 3-year period. Aedes aegypti presence or absence at each site was measured three times per year using standard oviposition traps. Maximum and minimum
temperature and relative humidity were measured hourly at each site. Field inventories were conducted to measure human housing
factors potentially affecting mosquito presence, such as the use of air-conditioning and evaporative coolers, outdoor vegetation
cover, and access to piped water. The results showed that Ae. aegypti presence was highly variable across space and time. Aedes aegypti presence was positively associated with highly vegetated areas. Other significant variables included microclimatic differences
and access to piped water. This study demonstrates the importance of microclimate and human factors in predicting Ae. aegypti distribution in an arid environment. |
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