Toll-like receptors are temporally involved in host defense |
| |
Authors: | Weiss David S Raupach Bärbel Takeda Kiyoshi Akira Shizuo Zychlinsky Arturo |
| |
Affiliation: | Department of Microbiology and Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. |
| |
Abstract: | Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are evolutionarily conserved proteins that recognize microbial molecules and initiate host defense. To investigate how TLRs work together to fight infections, we tested the role of TLRs in host defense against the Gram-negative bacterial pathogen, Salmonella. We show that TLR4 is critical for early cytokine production and killing of bacteria by murine macrophages. Interestingly, later on, TLR2, but not TLR4, is required for macrophage responses. Myeloid differentiation factor 88, an adaptor protein directly downstream of TLRs, is required for both early and late responses. TLR4, TLR2, and myeloid differentiation factor 88 are involved in murine host defense against Salmonella in vivo, which correlates with the defects in host defense observed in vitro. We propose a model where the sequential activation of TLRs tailors the immune response to different microbes. |
| |
Keywords: | |
本文献已被 PubMed 等数据库收录! |
|