Predicting body cell mass with bioimpedance by using theoretical methods: a technological review

De Lorenzo, A., A. Andreoli, J. Matthie, and P. Withers.Predicting body cell mass with bioimpedance by using theoretical methods: a technological review. J. Appl.Physiol. 82(5): 1542-1558, 1997.The body cellmass (BCM), defined as intracellular water (ICW), was estimated in 73 healthy men and women by total body potassium (TBK) and by bioimpedancespectroscopy (BIS). In 14 other subjects, extracellular water (ECW) andtotal body water (TBW) were measured by bromide dilution and deuteriumoxide dilution, respectively. For all subjects, impedance spectral datawere fit to the Cole model, and ECW and ICW volumes were predicted byusing model electrical resistance terms R_E andR_I in an equation derived from Hanai mixture theory,respectively. The BIS ECW prediction bromide dilution wasr = 0.91, standard error of theestimate (SEE) 0.90 liter. The BIS TBW prediction of deuterium spacewas r = 0.95, SEE 1.33 liters. The BISICW prediction of the dilution-determined ICW wasr = 0.87, SEE 1.69 liters. The BIS ICWprediction of the TBK-determined ICW for the 73 subjects wasr = 0.85, SEE = 2.22 liters. Theseresults add further support to the validity of the Hanai theory, theequation used, and the conclusion that ECW and ICW volume can bepredicted by an approach based solely on fundamental principles.