城市地域生态调控的空间途径——以深圳市为例

城市地域的可持续发展必须以生态环境的可持续发展为前提和保障。景观生态学主要研究地表各种景观空间格局与生态过程及其相互作用，其原理和规律为在实践中通过优化景观格局，提高生态系统稳定性提供了理论框架。以深圳市为例，尝试综合运用生态敏感性与适宜性分析和景观格局整体优化的方法，通过对生态系统的格局分析与问题诊断，构建合理、稳定的生态系统结构，保障生态系统服务功能的正常发挥。案例研究将深圳市域的整体生态结构分为自然生态空间、城镇发展空间和生态廊道3部分。城镇发展空间具有文化支持的生态功能，自然生态空间具有环境服务和生物生产的生态功能；生态廊道主要起到加强生态联系，提高生态系统稳定性，并防止城市发展空间无序蔓延的功能。城镇景观斑块镶嵌于自然生态景观基质中，并通过多种类型的生态廊道相连，形成区域生态系统的良性循环。案例研究表明，景观生态规划方法的综合应用，可以将景观生态学原理和规律比较合理的运用于实践。

Spatial approaches to ecological regulation in urban areas: A case in Shenzhen

The protection and development of the ecological environment must be regarded as the main priority in the sustainable development of urban areas. Principles of landscape ecology offer a theoretical framework for ecological regulation through the optimization of landscape pattern. Since the 1960s, many different landscape eco planning approaches have been developed, including McHargian approach to landscape planning based on an analysis of the ecological suitability, ecosystem development strategy based on systematic theory, and landscape pattern planning based on optimization of landscape spatial structure. The objective of this paper is to propose a structure for the development of a rational and natural ecosystem in Shenzhen, through ecological sensitivity and suitability analysis and the combined use of landscape pattern optimization, to guide the optimum arrangement of land use and spatial resources in the city and the region, ensuring the normal function of ecosystem services. Spatial approaches to ecological regulation in urban areas, aim to create a harmonious balance between natural ecological space and urban development space through ecological sensitivity and suitability analysis. They also utilize landscape pattern planning to configure the natural ecological and urban development spaces to strengthen the ecological connection, ensure the normal function of ecosystem services, and promote sustainable development in urban areas. The integrated application of landscape eco planning approaches, not only considers the vertical match of landscape units, but also pays close attention to the horizontal spatial pattern of the whole landscape. It is the feasible approach to ecological regulation. Shenzhen is one of the fastest growing areas in China, and the regional landscape has changed dramatically in the past 20 years associated with rapid economic growth. This has caused many ecological and land use problems. Urban development conflicts with the capacity of environmental resources. As the area of natural landscape has dwindled, the natural habitats have become more simple. Water source protection zones have been occupied by urban construction, and water resources have been polluted seriously. This case study explains the spatial configuration relationship between natural ecological and urban development spaces in Shenzhen through ecological sensitivity and suitability analysis. Sixty percentage of the 1952 km 2 of land in the whole region is covered with urban ecological space, as the environmental background of the city. The urban built up areas are wedged in this ecological space. The whole ecological structure in Shenzhen is divided into natural ecological space, urban development space and ecological corridors. Urban development space carries out the culture support function. Natural ecological space carries out the environmental service and biological production function. Ecological corridor strengthens the ecological connection, raises the stability of the ecosystem, and prevents the unorganized sprawl of urban development space. Urban built up areas are inlayed in the natural ecological matrix, linked to each other through ecological corridors. This case study indicates that principles of landscape ecology could be applied to practice rationally with the integrated application of landscape ecological planning approaches.