化感——外来入侵植物的“Novel Weapons”

综述了与外来植物入侵相关的理论假说。并主要介绍了从化感角度提出的“N ove lW eapons”假说(NW假说)。某些外来入侵植物能产生一些化学物质。这些物质可以发挥较强的化感作用,或者成为植物和土壤微生物之间相互作用的调节者。由于不同区域的植物群落共同进化的轨迹不同,被入侵群落的植物对这些化学物质缺乏适应性,因此,这些物质成为了外来种入侵的利器。而对外来种发源地的群落来说,由于长期的共存关系,这些物质对其伴生植物的影响相对较小。NW假说为化感作为外来植物入侵的一种机制奠定了理论基础,为外来入侵植物的防治提供了理论依据,但作为一种较新的理论假说,还需要更多的实验研究加以支持。

Allelopathy:"Novel Weapons"of exotic invasive plants

This article briefly reviewed the theories and hypothesis about exotic invasive plants."Novel Weapons"hypothesis(NW hypothesis)advanced from allelopathy was mainly introduced.Exotic invaders produce some biochemicals that function as allelopathic agents,or as mediators of new plant-soil microbial interactions.Due to differences in the regional coevolutionary trajectories of plant communities,these chemicals can become novel weapons of plant invaders,and may inhibit the growth of plants in invaded communities.In the invaders' original community,their natural neighbors are not so sensitive to the chemicals because of the long-term adaptation.NW hypothesis established the theoretical basis for allelopathy as one of the mechanisms of exotic plant invasion,and provided the theoretical grounds for prevention of exotic invasive plants,but more studies should be conducted to support this new hypothesis.