我国茶树主要骨干亲本及其衍生品种(系)的SSR分析

铁观音、黄棪和福鼎大白茶分别是我国乌龙茶和红绿茶育种中的骨干亲本，由他们衍生出了一系列的优良品种，研究他们的遗传多样性及构建指纹图谱将有助于今后茶树育种工作中骨干亲本的合理利用和品种权的保护。本研究利用40对SSR引物对我国乌龙茶骨干亲本铁观音、黄棪及其衍生品种(系)和红绿茶骨干亲本福鼎大白茶及衍生品种进行了研究。结果表明，34份供试品种(系)的基因多样性指数（H）为0.54，平均遗传距离0.58，表明我国茶树主要骨干亲本及其衍生品种(系)具有较高的遗传多样性水平和较大的遗传变异，且90%的遗传多样性来自品种之间的遗传差异。聚类结果表明两套品种(系)各自聚为一类，遗传结构分析也显示两套品种(系)之间存在明显的差异。利用其中5对引物组合构建了供试材料的数码指纹图谱。

Genetic Analysis of Main Parents of Tea and Their Pedigree in China Using SSR Markers

Two tea cultivars, Tieguanyin and Huangdan, are used as main parents in oolong tea breeding. Fuding Dabaicha is considered as one of core parents in breeding of green and black tea plants. So far, Many quality tea cultivars have been bred based on these cultivars. Therefore, research on the genetic diversity and fingerprint map of these parents and their superior derived varieties are considerably important, which can contribute to the selection of breeding materials and the protection of plant variety right. In this study, the genetic diversity and relationship of 13 Oolong tea varieties and 21 green tea varieties were analyzed by 40 SSR markers. The average genetic diversity (H) and genetic distance of 34 samples were 0.54 and 0.58, respectively, which means that the genetic diversity of the accessions tested were relatively high with rich variation. Furthermore, 90% genetic diversity came from genetic differences of tested materials. These samples were divided into two groups according to its breeding source using UPGMA method. Moreover, the genetic structure of two sets of varieties is different. In consideration of good stability and high polymorphism, 5 out of 40 pairs of SSR primers were selected and combined to construct the fingerprinting maps of 34 materials.