基于DUS测试的水稻标准品种形态性状多样性分析

对水稻DUS测试标准品种进行多样性评价，为DUS测试标准品种的选择和优化提供依据。以DUS测试指南中规定的49个水稻标准品种为材料，根据2008年在杭州田间试验对59个形态性状的调查数据，利用PopGen32软件计算了等位变异数、有效等位变异数和Shannon's多样性信息指数，对标准品种的形态性状多样性进行了评价；并根据其多样性参数采用NTSYS软件对标准品种进行了聚类分析。结果表明，59个形态性状在19份籼稻和30份粳稻品种中分别检测到201和262个等位变异，平均每个性状可以检测到3.4068（籼稻）和4.4407(粳稻)个等位变异，籼、粳稻类群中59个性状的平均Shannon's多样性指数分别为0.8318（0~1.7674）和0.9828（0~1.8547）。聚类分析结果表明，籼、粳稻群体内品种间的形态性状相似系数分别介于0.45~0.81和0.36~0.76，取相似系数0.70为阈值，可将19份籼稻和30份粳稻品种分别分为16和27类。多样性分析表明本研究的49个品种形态性状多样性丰富，具有标准品种性状描述的示例和校正作用；根据聚类分析结果，可将现有标准品种的数量减少至43个。本研究为水稻新品种DUS测试中标准品种的选择和优化提供了参考依据，同时也可供研制其他植物的DUS测试标准借鉴。

Diversity Analysis on Morphological Characteristics of the Example Varieties Based on Rice DUS Testing

In order to evaluate the diversity of morphological characteristics and to provide a criterion for choosing example varieties in rice DUS testing. Diversity analysis, including observed number of alleles, effective number of alleles and Shannon's information index, were conducted with 49 rice varieties which listed as example varieties in the DUS testing guidelines as material, combining with the 59 morphological characteristics investigated at Hanzhou in 2008. The clustering analysis for the example varieties was also conducted according to their species diversity parameters. The results showed that total of 201 and 262 alleles for 59 morphological characteristics were observed in the indica and japonica rice group, respectively, with an average of 3.4068 and 4.4407 alleles for each characteristic in the two subspecies. The Shannon's diversity index averaged from 59 morphological characteristics were 0.8318 with a range of 0~1.7674 and 0.9828 with a range of 0~1.8547 in the indica and japonica rice group, respectively. Several groups, with each includes 2-3 rice varieties with similarity over 0.7, were found in both indica and japonica rice group, based on the clustering results. The results indicated that the 49 example varieties, which with rich diversity in morphological characteristics, could be used for demonstration and adjusting for characteristics' describing in DUS testing. The 49 rice example varieties could be reduced to 43 according the threshold with similarity of 0.7. The result could provide a criterion for selection and optimization of example varieties in rice DUS testing system and could also give a reference for developing DUS testing guidelines for other plant species.