No distinct difference in the excretion of large particles of varying size in a wild ruminant,the banteng (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Bos javanicus</Emphasis>) |
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Authors: | Angela Schwarm Sylvia Ortmann Christian Wolf Marcus Clauss |
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Institution: | 1.Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research Berlin,Berlin,Germany;2.Freie Universit?t Berlin,Berlin,Germany;3.Research Institute for the Biology of Farm Animals,Dummerstorf,Germany;4.Helmholtz Centre Berlin for Materials and Energy,Berlin,Germany;5.Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty,University of Zurich,Zurich,Switzerland |
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Abstract: | The forestomach of ruminants and camelids does not only allow a differential excretion of fluids and small particles but also
a differential excretion of small and large particles. The question whether larger particles of different size classes are
also retained for different time periods, or whether simply a particle-size threshold exists above which all particles of
a size higher than this threshold are retained in an undifferentiated manner, has not been addressed so far. We determined
the mean retention time (MRT) of different-sized large particles (10 and 20 mm) in three banteng (Bos javanicus) on two forage only diets, grass and grass hay. We used cerium-mordanted fibre (10 mm) and lanthanum-mordanted fibre (20 mm)
as particle markers, mixed in the food. Average total tract MRT for large and very large particles at the grass diet was 58
and 56 h and at the grass hay diet 66 and 64 h, respectively. Very large particles moved slightly faster than large particles
through the gut of the banteng. Three interpretations are possible: Very large particles are resubmitted to rumination sooner
than large particles; ingestive mastication of the particle markers could have reduced the difference in the size of the particle
markers; alternatively, particle retention may be governed by a threshold, above which all particles of a size higher than
this threshold are retained in an undifferentiated manner. In order to test these possibilities, experiments with fistulated
animals would have to be performed. |
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