Comprehensive comparative-genomic analysis of Type 2 toxin-antitoxin systems and related mobile stress response systems in prokaryotes |
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Authors: | Kira S Makarova Yuri I Wolf Eugene V Koonin |
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Institution: | (1) National Center for Biotechnology Information, NLM, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20894, USA |
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Abstract: | Background The prokaryotic toxin-antitoxin systems (TAS, also referred to as TA loci) are widespread, mobile two-gene modules that can
be viewed as selfish genetic elements because they evolved mechanisms to become addictive for replicons and cells in which
they reside, but also possess "normal" cellular functions in various forms of stress response and management of prokaryotic
population. Several distinct TAS of type 1, where the toxin is a protein and the antitoxin is an antisense RNA, and numerous,
unrelated TAS of type 2, in which both the toxin and the antitoxin are proteins, have been experimentally characterized, and
it is suspected that many more remain to be identified. |
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Keywords: | |
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