Effect of organic carbon flux and dissolved oxygen on the benthic foraminiferal oxygen index (BFOI) |
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| Institution: | 1. Via F.lli Rosselli, 10, 47042 Cesenatico, FC, Italy;2. Bologna University, Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences Department (BiGeA), Operative Unit of Ravenna, Via Sant''Alberto, 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy;1. Laboratório de Paleoceanografia do Atlântico Sul, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191 Cidade Universitária, CEP 05508-120, São Paulo, SP, Brazil;2. PETROBRAS-CENPES, Cidade Universitária, CEP 21949-948, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil;3. University of Massachusetts, Dept. of Geosciences, 233 Morril Science Center, 611 N. Pleasant St., Amherst, MA 01003, USA;1. U. S. Geological Survey, 2255 N. Gemini Dr., Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA;2. Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom;1. Center of Advanced Study in Geology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India;2. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India;3. National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research, Vasco-da-Gama 403804, Goa, India;4. CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula 403004, Goa, India |
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| Abstract: | Variations in oceanic primary productivity, flux of organic carbon to the sediments, and dissolved-oxygen levels in the water column are thought to be important in the control of benthic foraminiferal test size, wall thickness, morphology, and species composition of assemblages by many foraminiferal paleontologists. Aspects of these processes should be reflected by the benthic foraminiferal oxygen index (BFOI) based on these foraminiferal characteristics. However, analyses indicate that the BFOI correlates most strongly with dissolved-oxygen levels in overlying water (R2=0.81), weakly with oceanic primary productivity (R2=0.55), and weakly with organic carbon flux to the sediments (R2=0.51). Although both dissolved oxygen and organic carbon flux are main controlling factors for benthic foraminiferal assemblages, the BFOI is a useful indicator extracted from benthic foraminiferal assemblages for estimating the condition of dissolved oxygen in Cretaceous and Cenozoic oceans. |
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