洋葱花器数目变异研究

以洋葱JQS-1、MST-140、Red beauty 3个常规栽培品种的鳞茎为试材,观察统计洋葱花器数目的变化,探讨花器数目的变异与植物花器多样性的关系,为植物花器发育模式以及植物分类和系统发育研究提供依据。结果表明:(1)洋葱花序中正常的洋葱小花含有6枚雄蕊,一些异常小花雄蕊的数目减少到5枚或增加到7~11枚;正常花药中的花粉粒数量大、形状规则、分散均匀,而异常花药中的花粉粒形状不规则。(2)雌蕊数目也发生变异,子房由正常的3室,变成了2室、4室或6室;花柱从正常1枚,增加到2枚或3枚。(3)正常小花含有6片花被片,异常小花的花被片数目从5片到10片。(4)花被片与雄蕊数目的变异有同步增减和非同步增加2种类型。

Research on Number Variation of Floral Organ in Onion(Allium cepa L.)

Three conventional cultivars of onion JQS-1,MST-140 and Red beauty were used as materials to observe the statistical changes in the number of onion floral organs.The results showed that:(1)Normally,a single onion floret consisted of 6 stamens.However,the number of stamens decreased to 5 in lot of abnormal florets.In contrast,the number of stamens increased from 7 to 11 in part of onion flowers.The normal anthers produced abundant pollens,which were uniformly dispersed in anther.However there were a lot of pollens with irregular shape in the abnormal anthers;(2)Some flower with abnormal pistil were also observed,for example,the number of ovaries were decreased to 2 or increased to 4 or 6.Meanwhile the number of stayle was increased from 1 to 2 or 3;(3)Normal flower consisted of 6 tepals,but abnormal flower contain 5 to 10 tepals.It contains synchronous and non-synchronous types of variation in the changes of tepals and stamens number.These studies may offer some basis for the researches on diversity of floral organ development,rich the patterns of floral development and the classification and system development of plant.