Genetic studies of the Macushi and Wapishana Indians |
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| Authors: | James V. Neel Robert J. Tanis Ernest C. Migliazza Richard S. Spielman Francisco Salzano William J. Oliver Marianne Morrow Sally Bachofer |
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| Affiliation: | (1) Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, 48 109 Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA;(2) Departmento de Genetica, Universidade de Rio Grande do Sul, Caixa Postal 1953, Porto Alegre, R.G.S., Brasil;(3) Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, 48 109 Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA;(4) Present address: Department of Biochemistry, Michigan State University, 48 109 East Lansing, Michigan, USA;(5) Present address: Department of Anthropology, University of Maryland, 20 742 College Park, Maryland, USA;(6) Present address: Department of Human Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 19 174 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA |
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| Abstract: | Summary Blood samples from 509 Macushi and 623 Wapishana Amerindians of Northern Brazil and Southern Guyana have been analyzed with reference to the occurrence of rare variants and genetic polymorphisms of the following 25 systems: (i) Erythrocyte enzymes: acid phosphatase-1, adenosine deaminase, adenylate kinase-k, carbonic anhydrase-1, carbonic anhydrase-2, esterase A1,2,3, esterase D, galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, nucleoside phosphorylase, peptidase A, peptidase B, phosphoglucomutase 1, phosphoglucomutase 2, phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, phosphohexoseisomerase, triosephosphate isomerase and (ii) Serum proteins: albumin, ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin, hemoglobin A, hemoglobin A2 and transferrin. Fifteen different rare variants were detected, involving 11 of these systems. In addition, a previously undescribed variant of ESA1,2,3 which achieves polymorphic proportions in both these tribes is described. Excluding this variant, the frequency of rare variants is 1.1/1000 in 12510 determinations in the Macushi and 4.7/1000 in 15 396 determinations in the Wapishana. The ESA1,2,3, polymorphism was not observed in 382 Makiritare, 232 Yanomama, 146 Piaroa, 404 Cayapo, 190 Kraho and 112 Moro. Irregularities in the intratribal distribution of this polymorphism in the Macushi and Wapishana render a decision as to the tribe of origin impossible at present. Gene frequencies are also given for previosly described polymorphisms of 5 systems: haptoglobin, phosphoglucomutase 1, erythrocyte acid phosphatase, esterase D, and galactose-1-phosphate-uridyl-transferase.Research supported by the National Science Foundation and the Energy Research and Development Administration. |
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