Middle to Upper Miocene benthonic foraminiferal palaeoecology of the Tap Marls (Alicante Province,SE Spain) and its palaeoceanographic implications |
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| Institution: | 1. State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China;2. Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China;3. Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, PR China;4. Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands;1. Géoazur, Université Côte d''Azur, CNRS, IRD, Observatoire de la Côte d''Azur, UMR 7329, 250, rue Albert-Einstein, 06560 Sophia Antipolis, France;2. Czech Geological Survey, Centre for Lithospheric Research, Klárov 3, 118 21 Prague 1, Czech Republic;3. Institut des Sciences de la Terre d''Orléans, Université d''Orléans, CNRS, UMR7327, INSU, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières, Campus Géosciences 1A, rue de la Férollerie, 45071 Orléans cedex 2, France;4. Géosciences Montpellier, UMR 5243, Université Montpellier 2, CC 060, place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier cedex 5, France;5. Département de Géologie, Université Abdelmalek Esaadi, 93003 Tetouan, Morocco;1. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium;2. Institut für Geophysik und Geologie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany;3. Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Hannover, Germany;1. IDL - Instituto Dom Luiz, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício C8, Piso 3, Sala 8.3.31A Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;2. FCUL - Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal;3. ISEL - Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Portugal;4. Ifremer, REM-GM-LGS, F29280-Plouzané, France |
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| Abstract: | The benthonic foraminiferal faunas of twenty sections have been analysed statistically (cluster analysis) and interpreted palaeoecologically. The analysis shows that oxygenation was the most important factor for the distribution of the faunas in the investigated area. The lifting and lowering of the sill to the Atlantic Ocean (Gibraltar sill), in conjunction with climatic changes and sea level fluctuations, led to changes in the current system and to two faunal turnovers at the transition from Langhian to Serravallian (～15.2–15.0 Ma) and at the end of the Serravallian, respectively (～11.7–11.4 Ma). The faunas indicate well oxygenated (Langhian), reduced oxygenated (Serravallian) and again well oxygenated (Tortonian) conditions. A simplified circulation model for the western Mediterranean, based on the author's interpretation and additional sources, suggests: (a) an estuarine circulation during the Langhian; (b) a `restricted' anti-estuarine pattern with sluggish circulation until the end of the Serravallian; and (c) an anti-estuarine circulation similar to today's situation during the Tortonian. |
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