反刍动物胃肠道微生物多样性研究进展

反刍动物胃肠道中庞大而复杂的微生物群落对饲料利用和宿主自身代谢有深远的影响。胃肠道微生物群落在亚种或菌株水平上表现出极大的多样性。研究反刍动物胃肠道微生物多样性有助于了解其结构、功能、影响因素以及可能的调控措施。但是,80%~90%的胃肠道微生物仍然无法培养,构成了反刍动物胃肠道微生物研究的瓶颈,分子生物学和生物信息学的快速发展为这个问题的解决提供了新的机遇。

Advances in diversity of gastrointestinal microflora of ruminants

The rumen is inhabited by numerous microbes, which form a complex microbial community that deeply affects host physiology. This microbiota is dominated by relatively few divisions that are highly diverse at the strain/subspecies level, which together with its collective genomes (microbiome) provide us with genetic and metabolic attributes.We have not been required to evolve on our own. Due to the fact that 80%～90% of the ruminant-related microbes still elude pure culture, the rapid development of molecular microbial ecological tools and bioinformatics provides us an opportunity to investigate the structure, function and dynamics of this complex microbial ecosystem.