Polymorphism of BMP4 gene in Indian goat breeds differing in prolificacy |
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Authors: | Rekha Sharma Sonika Ahlawat A Maitra Manoranjan Roy S Mandakmale MS Tantia |
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Institution: | 1. National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal 132001, India;2. West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Kolkata 700037, India;3. Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri 413722, Ahmednagar, MS, India |
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Abstract: | Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the TGF-β (transforming growth factor-beta) superfamily, of which BMP4 is the most important due to its crucial role in follicular growth and differentiation, cumulus expansion and ovulation. Reproduction is a crucial trait in goat breeding and based on the important role of BMP4 gene in reproduction it was considered as a possible candidate gene for the prolificacy of goats. The objective of the present study was to detect polymorphism in intronic, exonic and 3′ un-translated regions of BMP4 gene in Indian goats. Nine different goat breeds (Barbari, Beetal, Black Bengal, Malabari, Jakhrana (Twinning > 40%), Osmanabadi, Sangamneri (Twinning 20–30%), Sirohi and Ganjam (Twinning < 10%)) differing in prolificacy and geographic distribution were employed for polymorphism scanning. Cattle sequence (AC_000167.1) was used to design primers for the amplification of a targeted region followed by direct DNA sequencing to identify the genetic variations. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were not detected in exon 3, the intronic region and the 3′ flanking region. A SNP (G1534A) was identified in exon 2. It was a non-synonymous mutation resulting in an arginine to lysine change in a corresponding protein sequence. G to A transition at the 1534 locus revealed two genotypes GG and GA in the nine investigated goat breeds. The GG genotype was predominant with a genotype frequency of 0.98. The GA genotype was present in the Black Bengal as well as Jakhrana breed with a genotype frequency of 0.02. A microsatellite was identified in the 3′ flanking region, only 20 nucleotides downstream from the termination site of the coding region, as a short sequence with more than nineteen continuous and repeated CA dinucleotides. Since the gene is highly evolutionarily conserved, identification of a non-synonymous SNP (G1534A) in the coding region gains further importance. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a mutation in the coding region of the caprine BMP4 gene. But whether the reproduction trait of goat is associated with the BMP4 polymorphism, needs to be further defined by association studies in more populations so as to delineate an effect on it. |
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Keywords: | 3&prime UTR 3&prime Un-Translated Region BLAST Basic Local Alignment Search Tool BMP15 Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 BMP4 Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 BMPR1B Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor type 1B BMPs Bone Morphogenetic Proteins CDS Coding DNA Sequence DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid EDTA Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic acid Fec Fecundity FSH Follicle Stimulating Hormone GDF9 Growth Differentiation Factor 9 ICAR Indian Council of Agricultural Research MAS Marker Assisted Selection MgCl2 Magnesium Chloride NCBI National Centre for Biotechnology Information OD Optical Density PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction PCR-RFLP Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism PCR-SSCP Polymerase Chain Reaction-Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism SNP Single Nucleotide Polymorphism TGF-β Transforming Growth Factor β UPGMA Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean |
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