The relation of d-alanine and alanine racemase activity in molluscs |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China (Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences), Beijing, 100081, China;1. Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Prairie Northern Wildlife Research Centre, 115 Perimeter Road, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 0X4;2. Department of Environment and Climate Change, Government of the Northwest Territories, 600 5102 50th Ave, Yellowknife, NT, Canada, X1A 2L9;3. Exposure and Biomonitoring Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0K9;4. Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1A 0H3;5. Department of Environment and Climate Change, Government of the Northwest Territories, Highway 5, X0E 0P0, Fort Smith, NT, Canada;1. Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal, 462026, MP, India;2. NIMS Institute of Allied Medical Science and Technology, NIMS University, Jaipur, 303121, Rajasthan, India;3. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India;4. Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA;5. Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA |
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| Abstract: | - 1.1. Eighteen molluscan species were examined for the presence of d-alanine and alanine racemase activity to probe the probable relation between them.
- 2.2. Two bivalve species had high concentration of d-alanine and l-alanine (1:1) and showed high activities of alanine racemase. In these species, the occurrence of d-alanine could be explained by the action of alanine racemase.
- 3.3. In other species, the levels of d-alanine and enzyme activity were low, and the occurrence of d-alanine did not correspond with the presence of alanine racemase activity.
- 4.4. The mechanism of the occurrence of d-alanine in molluscan tissues seems to vary from species to species and seems not to be associated with the phylogenic situation or habitats of the respective species.
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