Host defense mechanisms of cephalopods |
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Institution: | 1. The Lung Center, Penn Highlands Healthcare, 100 Hospital Avenue, DuBois, PA 15801, USA;2. Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA;3. Medical Service, VA Medical Center, White River Junction, VT 05009, USA;1. Clinical Infection Unit, St George''s Hospital, London, UK;2. Department of Haematology, St George''s Hospital, London, UK |
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Abstract: | Humoral and cellular mechanisms of defense have been described for cephalopods, a relatively advanced group of mollusks. Typical of other mollusks, cephalopod agglutinins are the most documented component of humoral immunity. Lectins, which have agglutinating properties, have been described and characterized from octopuses. Agglutinins from cephalopod hemolymph have also been shown to agglutinate a variety of vertebrate red blood cells, as well as potential bacterial pathogens. Hemocytes are the primary component of cellular immunity. Although the hemocyte role in phagocytosis has been extensively studied in other mollusks, the mechanisms of phagocytosis have not been described extensively for cephalopods. Cephalopod hemocytes have phagocytic capabilities and may function in encapsulation and neutralization of foreign substances; however, the effects of environmental factors and the full extent of phagocytic capabilities of cephalopod hemocytes have not been reported. Hemocytes from cephalopods have a role in wound healing and inflammation which have been reported in detail by several investigators. |
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