The role of phagocytes in the protective mechanisms of fish |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy;2. Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy;3. Clinical Epidemiology and Trials Organization Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy;4. Department of Surgery, Urology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy;5. Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy;6. UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, Birmingham, AL;1. Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;2. Department of Infectious Diseases and State Key Lab of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China;1. Department of Foundational Sciences and Humanities, Discipline of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA;2. Center for Neurobiology of Stress Resilience and Psychiatric Disorders, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA;3. Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA;4. Department of Department of Psychology, The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA;1. Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal;2. Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto (FCUP), Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;3. Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;4. Department of Ecophysiology and Aquaculture, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 301, 12587 Berlin, Germany;1. Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands;2. Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;3. Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | Phagocytes are cells principally dedicated to the recognition and elimination of invading organisms and damaged tissue. Those described in fish are the granulocytes (particularly neutrophils) and mononuclear phagocytes (tissue macrophages and circulating monocytes). Their movement to sites of microbial invasion is an early event in the inflammatory response and the role of host-derived factors as attractants, such as eicosanoids, is discussed. Opsonins mediate the recognition between phagocyte and particle, and receptors for serum complement component C3 and the Fc fragment of opsonic antibody have been described. Fundamental to the protection offered by the phagocytes is their bactericidal larvacidal activity, which is closely associated with the production of oxygen free radicals. Phagocytes as accessory cells are discussed, including their role in antigen presentation. A knowledge of the modulation of phagocyte function, with activation by various substances and suppression by others, is important if protective responses are to be achieved by up-regulating phagocyte activity. |
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