A new technique for the identification of respiratory sinus arrhythmia in utero |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Fetal Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham Maternity Hospital, Birmingham B15 2TG UK;2. Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Birmingham Maternity Hospital, UK;3. School of Biological Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK;1. Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA;2. RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC;3. Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL;4. Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology-Maternal Fetal Medicine & Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL;5. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah and Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT;6. Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD;7. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA;8. University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa FL;9. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN;10. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY;11. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA;12. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, University of Texas, Galveston, TX;13. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH;1. Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 539747, Singapore;2. Department of General Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 539747, Singapore;1. Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA;2. Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA;3. Boston University, Boston, MA, USA;1. Neuropsychology Unit, IRCCS Saint John of God Clinical Research Centre, Brescia, Italy;2. Psychiatric Epidemiology and Evaluation Unit, IRCCS Saint John of God Clinical Research Centre, Brescia, Italy;3. Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Urbino, Italy;4. Psychiatric Clinic, DISM, University of Udine, Udine, Italy;5. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy;6. Department of Mental Health, ASST Garda (Brescia), Italy;7. Department of Mental Health (ULSS 16), Padua, Italy;1. Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil;2. Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Dracena, São Paulo, Brazil;3. Agropecuária J. Galera, Itarumã, Goiás, Brazil;4. Central de Receptoras Retorno, Coroados, São Paulo, Brazil;5. Department of Animal Reproduction, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil;6. Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | Fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring forms the basis of routine fetal assessment, particularly short-term variability in the interbeat interval which can be difficult to interpret. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), the change in heart rate in response to breathing, contributes to short-term variability, and the presence of RSA in utero may reflect the functional integrity of the central nervous system. This paper describes the use of Doppler ultrasound to derive the required measures of fetal heart rate and fetal breathing movements and spectral analysis to identify RSA. Cases are presented to illustrate the results obtained both in the presence and absence of RSA. |
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