Metformin suppresses glucose-6-phosphatase expression by a complex I inhibition and AMPK activation-independent mechanism |
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Authors: | Shinichi Ota |
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Institution: | Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., 3-1-98 Kasugade-naka, Konohana, Osaka 554-0022, Japan |
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Abstract: | Metformin is widely used as a hypoglycemic agent for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Both metformin and rotenone, an inhibitor of respiratory chain complex I, suppressed glucose-6-phosphatase (G6pc), a rate limiting enzyme of liver glucose production, mRNA expression in a rat hepatoma cell line accompanied by a reduction of intracellular ATP concentration and an activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). When yeast NADH-quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NDI1) gene was introduced into the cells, neither inhibition of ATP synthesis nor activation of AMPK was induced by these agents. Interestingly, in contrast to rotenone treatment, G6pc mRNA down-regulation was observed in the NDI1 expressing cells after metformin treatment. Since NDI1 can functionally complement the complex I under the presence of metformin or rotenone, our results indicate that metformin induces down-regulation of G6pc expression through an inhibition of complex I and an activation of AMPK-independent mechanism. |
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Keywords: | Metformin Glucose-6-phosphatase AMPK Complex I NDI1 Diabetes |
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