Biogeography of the chaetodontidae: an analysis of allopatry among closely related species |
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Authors: | Stanley D Blum |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Vertebrate Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY, 10024, U.S.A. |
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Abstract: | Synopsis A recent survey of chaetodontid osteology has produced a hypothesis of relationships among 22 osteologically distinct genera
and subgenera. Fourteen supra-specific taxa have distributions that are Indo-Pacific or larger. Most sister taxa inferred
by osteology are broadly sympatric. The basal dichotomy within the large genusChaetodon contrasts monophyletic groups centered in the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific with little overlap. Divergence of Atlantic and Indo-Pacific
distributions is correlated with the closing of the Tethys seaway 18–13 million years ago. Distributional data of Burgess
(1978) and Allen (1980) are reevaluated in the context of putative species pairs and complexes. Species in nearly two thirds
of these complexes (18 of 31) are distributed allopatrically. Eight complexes are examined in more detail. Five of these eight
contain at least one peripherically isolated species. Distributions of species in four complexes indicate that previously
wide-spread species were cleaved more symmetrically. Sympatric distributions within two species pairs indicate that the more
narrowly distributed species in each pair arose through central isolation within a broadly distributed ancestor. The area
of central isolation corresponds to the classical center of origin. A new hypothesis of vicariance followed by dispersal may
partially explain the diversity gradient so prominently featured in dispersal-oriented tropical marine biogeography. |
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Keywords: | Butterflyfishes Vicariance Cladistics Allopatric speciation Tethys Indo-Pacific |
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