Integrative regulation of leaf morphogenesis by gibberellic and abscisic acids in the aquatic angiosperm proserpinaca palustris L |
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| Institution: | 1. 2020 Horns Point Road, Horn Point Laboratory, Center for Environmental Science, University of Maryland, Cambridg, MD, 21613, USA;2. Midshore Riverkeeper Conservancy, Easton, MD, 21601, USA;3. EarthData Inc., Centreville, MD, 21617, USA;1. Ph.D. Program of Agriculture Science, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan;2. Department of Horticultural Science, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan;1. Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 599-8531, Japan;2. Teshio Experimental Forest, Hokkaido University, Horonobe, 098-2943, Japan;1. School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China;2. Research Center of Erhai Lake, Dali, Yunnan 671000, China;3. Environmental Development Center of Ministry of Environmental Protection, Beijing 100083, China;4. Department of Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China |
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| Abstract: | A two-hormone system regulating leaf development in the heterophyllous amphibious angiosperm Proserpinaca palustris L. is described. Aerial shoots develop expanded, lanceolate, serrate leaves under long-day photoperiods (LD, 16 h light: 8 h dark), whereas growth under short days (SD, 10 h light: 14 h dark) induces dissected leaf formation. The photoperiodic effect on leaf development of aerial shoots involves changes in endogenous gibberellins (GAs) since plants grown under SD in the presence of GA3 develop expanded lanceolate serrate leaves. However, when submerged, shoots develop highly dissectedaquatic leaves regardless of photoperiod or GA3 treatment. In the present study, submerged plants exposed to 1.0 or 5.0 μM abscisic acid (ABA) developed aerial-type leaves typical of the photoperiod under which they were cultured. Both exogenous ABA (5.0 μM) and GA3 (10 μM) treatments were required for laminar expansion to occur on submerged shoots under SD. It is suggested that (1) leaf development in Proserpinaca is regulated by both endogenous GAs and ABA, and (2) the endogenous status of these phytohormones is modulated by different environmental stimuli of photoperiod and water stress, respectively. The adaptive significance of this mechanism is discussed. |
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