Calcium-dependent mitochondrial extrusion in ciliated protozoa |
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Authors: | Bisharyan Yelena Clark Theodore G |
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Institution: | aDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, C5-163 Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA |
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Abstract: | Here we demonstrate that ciliated protozoa can jettison mitochondria as intact organelles, releasing their contents to the extracellular space either in a soluble form, or in association with membrane vesicles at the cell periphery. The response is triggered by lateral clustering of GPI-anchored surface antigens, or by heat shock. In the first instance, extrusion is accompanied by elevated levels of intracellular calcium and is inhibited by Verapamil and BAPTA-AM arguing strongly for the involvement of calcium in triggering the response. Cells survive mitochondrial discharge raising the interesting possibility that extrusion is an early evolutionary adaptation to cell stress. |
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Keywords: | Mitochondria Tetrahymena Ichthyophthirius Heat shock GPI-anchor Calcium Organelle extrusion |
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