Design of nonapeptide LVFFARKHH: A bifunctional agent against Cu2+‐mediated amyloid β‐protein aggregation and cytotoxicity |
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Authors: | Huan Zhang Chong Zhang Xiao‐Yan Dong Jie Zheng Yan Sun |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China;2. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA |
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Abstract: | Dysfunctional accumulation of amyloid β‐protein (Aβ) mediated by Cu2+ exhibits higher neurotoxicity and accelerates the progress of Alzheimer's disease, so inhibition of Cu2+‐mediated Aβ aggregation and cytotoxicity has been considered as a therapeutic strategy for the disease. Herein, a nonapeptide was designed by linking HH to the C‐terminus of a peptide inhibitor of Aβ aggregation, LVFFARK (LK7). We found that the nonapeptide, LK7‐HH, possessed dual functionality, including enhanced inhibition capability on Aβ aggregation as compared to LK7, and chelating Cu2+ with a dissociation constant of 5.50 μM. This enabled LK7‐HH to arrest the generation of reactive oxygen species catalyzed by Cu2+ or Cu2+‐Aβ complex, and to inhibit Cu2+‐induced Aβ aggregation. Moreover, in contrast with the cytotoxicity of LK7 aggregates, LK7‐HH was biocompatible because HH conjugation made its aggregation behavior different from LK7. Thus, LK7‐HH efficiently suppressed Cu2+‐mediated Aβ aggregation and cytotoxicity. An equimolar concentration of LK7‐HH increased cell viability from 50% to 90% when treating Aβ40‐Cu2+ complexes. The results provided insights into the roles of HH in enhancing the inhibition of Aβ and Cu2+‐induced Aβ aggregations, in eliminating Cu2+‐induced cytotoxicities by arresting generation of reactive oxygen species, and in making the peptide biocompatible. Therefore, this work would contribute to the design of potent peptide‐based inhibitors of Cu2+‐mediated Aβ aggregation and cytotoxicity. |
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Keywords: | aggregation amyloid β ‐protein copper chelator oxidative stress peptide inhibitor |
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