阔鳞瘤蕨颈卵器形成与卵发生的初步研究

运用光学显微镜与透射电镜对阔鳞瘤蕨（Phymatosorus hainanensis(Noot.) S.G.Lu）颈卵器形成和卵发生进行了研究。阔鳞瘤蕨颈卵器产生于雌配子体生长点下方分枝毛状体内侧。切片观察表明颈卵器起源于配子体表面的原始细胞，该细胞经两次不等分裂形成3个细胞，上下两个细胞分别发育为颈卵器的颈部与底部壁细胞，中间的细胞为初生细胞，含有较丰富的细胞器。初生细胞进行两次不等分裂产生颈沟细胞、腹沟细胞与卵细胞。成熟颈卵器内颈沟细胞和腹沟细胞退化，卵细胞上表面产生受精孔。本研究阐述了阔鳞瘤蕨颈卵器形成和卵发生的细胞学过程，对阐明蕨类植物雌性生殖器官的发育特征有一定的科学意义。

Primary Study on the Archegonium Formation and Oogenesis in the Fern Phymatosorus hainanensis

The formation of archegonium and oogenesis in the fern Phymatosorus hainanensis(Noot.) S. G. Lu were studied by light microscopy (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Archegonia of P.hainanensis are produced among the branched trichomes under the apical notch of the female gametophyte. The section observations showed that archegonium originates from the initial cell of the gametophyte and it gives rise to a column of three cells by two unequal divisions. The upper cell develops into the neck of the archegonium, and the lower one develops into its basic jacket cells. The middle cell is the primary cell which contains relatively abundant organelles. It undergoes two unequal divisions, gives rise to the neck canal cell, then the ventral cell and the egg cell. The neck canal cell and ventral canal cell degenerate in the mature archegonium and a fertilization pore forms in the upper surface of the egg. This study elaborated in details the morphological characteristics of archegonium formation and oogenesis in P.hainanensis, and revealed developmental features of the female sexual organs in the fern.