Cryopreservation of the cells and larvae of marine organisms

This paper reviews original and literature data on the cryoresistance of the cells of marine organisms. The technology for the cryopreservation of these objects includes the selection of freezing conditions and the use, in addition to traditional cryoprotectants, of combinations of exogenous lipids, antioxidants, and disaccharide trehalose as a membrane stabilizing agent. We propose an approach for the preservation of marine invertebrate cells. The approach is based on the use of biologically active substances obtained from the tissues of marine organisms. Our results demonstrated the synergistic activity of these components of cryoprotective mixtures, and, at the same time, the specificity of antioxidant effects. An analysis of the factors that determine the choice of cryoprotectors was performed for various cell types. The development of the cryopreservation methods of marine organisms provides an opportunity for their wide application in both developmental biology and in marine biotechnology and serves as an important prerequisite for the cryobank creation.