细菌中脯氨酸的生物合成、降解及功能

脯氨酸的亲水力极强，是构成蛋白质的唯一亚氨基酸。脯氨酸在植物中的作用和机制已得到广泛研究，除作为渗透调节物质外，脯氨酸还在清除细胞活性氧或作为信号分子调控植物细胞生长发育、增殖或死亡中发挥重要作用。现有研究结果表明，适当浓度的脯氨酸在细菌细胞中发挥重要功能。本文对细菌脯氨酸的合成、降解、在细胞内外的转运及功能进行综述。

Research progress in proline biosynthesis, degradation and function in bacteria

Proline with strong hydrophilic property is the only sub-amino acid being used for protein synthesis. The function and mechanism for proline has been extensively studied in plant. Proline is not only an osmolyte, but it also has important roles in scavenging reactive oxygen species, acting as a signal molecule to regulate growth, development, proliferation and cell death in plant. Recent studies have demonstrated that a proper amount of proline plays important roles in bacterial cells. The biosynthesis, degradation, intracellular and extracellular transport as well as the function of proline produced by bacteria were reviewed in this paper.