硫化镉纳米粒子对原核生物的毒理作用

硫化镉纳米粒子（cadmium sulfide nanoparticles，CdS NPs）是一种重要的半导体，具有突出的光电特性、可调带隙和化学稳定性，在分析化学、生物医学、荧光成像和生物传感器等方面具有潜在应用价值。生物合成CdS NPs具有可控、低成本、环境友好等优势而被广泛研究。然而CdS NPs本身兼具纳米材料毒性及重金属硫化物毒性，其对原核微生物的毒性研究受到广泛关注。本文以大肠杆菌为例，对CdS NPs在原核生物细胞内的毒性机理研究进展进行了综述，包括CdS NPs的生物合成机制、CdS NPs对大肠杆菌的毒害作用以及大肠杆菌对该毒害作用的防御机制，着重论述了细菌在合成CdS NPs过程中Cd²⁺及CdS对合成细菌本身的毒理作用及该细菌所产生的相应应激机制。本文旨在更好、更全面地评估CdS NPs的毒性，促进抗CdS NPs的原核生物在相关领域的发展和应用。

Toxicity effects of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles on prokaryotes

As an important semiconductor, cadmium sulfide nanoparticles (CdS NPs) have outstanding photoelectric properties, adjustable band gap and chemical stability, and have a great application potential in related fields, such as:analytical chemistry, biomedicine, fluorescence imaging and biosensor. The biosynthesis of CdS NPs has been widely studied due to its controllable, low-cost and environmental friendly advantages. However, as a kind of nano-scaled metal sulfide materials, CdS NPs have severe toxic effects on prokaryotic microorganisms. This review summarized the research progress of the toxic mechanism of CdS NPs in prokaryotic cells, including the biosynthetic process of CdS NPs; the toxic effects of CdS NPs on E. coli cells and the defense mechanisms of the cells. Moreover, we discussed the toxic effects of different forms of cadmium on the biosynthetic cells during the CdS NPs biosynthetic process and the unique mechanisms of the NPs biosynthesis strains to respond to the cadmium stress. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the toxicity of CdS NPs on the bacteria cells in a more comprehensive way and to promote the application of the CdS-resistant prokaryotes in related fields.