Secondary Metabolites of the Grapevine Pathogen <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eutypa lata</Emphasis> Inhibit Mitochondrial Respiration,Based on a Model Bioassay Using the Yeast <Emphasis Type="Italic">Saccharomyces cerevisiae</Emphasis> |
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Authors: | Jong H Kim Noreen Mahoney Kathleen L Chan Russell J Molyneux Bruce C Campbell |
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Institution: | (1) Plant Mycotoxin Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, United States |
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Abstract: | Acetylenic phenols and a chromene isolated from the grapevine fungal pathogen Eutypa lata were examined for mode of toxicity. The compounds included eutypine (4-hydroxy-3-3-methyl-3-butene-1-ynyl] benzyl aldehyde), eutypinol (4-hydroxy-3-3-methyl-3-butene-1-ynyl] benzyl alcohol), eulatachromene, 2-isoprenyl-5-formyl-benzofuran, siccayne, and eulatinol. A bioassay using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed that all compounds were either lethal or inhibited growth. A respiratory assay using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium (TTC) indicated that eutypinol and eulatachromene inhibited mitochondrial respiration in wild-type yeast. Bioassays also showed that 2-isoprenyl-5-formyl-benzofuran and siccayne inhibited mitochondrial respiration in the S. cerevisiae deletion mutant vph2, lacking a vacuolar type H (+) ATPase (V-ATPase) assembly protein. Cell growth of tsa1, a deletion mutant of S. cerevisiae lacking a thioredoxin peroxidase (cTPx I), was greatly reduced when grown on media containing eutypinol or eulatachromene and exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an oxidative stress. This reduction in growth establishes the toxic mode of action of these compounds through inhibition of mitochondrial respiration. |
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